In stark contrast to theories of genetic intelligence 7,8 and. Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination principles of social. Prejudice definition prejudice is defined as an attitude toward people based on their membership in a group e. For example, older adults are stereotyped as having poorer memory abilities than younger adults. A new section called the power of unconscious thinking, with a discussion of recent research by john bargh and ap dijsterhuis.
Stereotype threat and the intellectual testperformance of africanamericans article pdf available in journal of personality and social psychology 695. Social psychology, 8th edition aronson, social psychology, 9e video series sample this is a video sample for new 9th edition of social psychology by aronson available july 2015 stereotype threat social psychology in action stereotype threat is the fear that ones behavior will confirm an existing stereotype of a group with which one. Reaching its 20 th anniversary, steele and aronsons original article has gathered approximately 5,000 citations and has been referred to as a modern classic 4,5,6. Stereotype threat definition stereotype threat arises from the recognition that one could be judged or treated in terms of a negative stereotype about ones group. The fear that they would confirm a stereotype in the eyes of others has been shown to affect someones academic motivation, selfconcept, and academic performance schneider, 2012. Critical to prejudice is an inflexibility in the reaction to the target person whereby the responses to the target are not based on the targets behaviors or. Provided is an unusually broad analysis of stereotypes as products both of individual cognitive activities and of social and cultural forces. The other doctors are nice to her, but every time she makes a mistake or comes in late to work, she feels like they. Nonetheless, the kit project has had a lasting impact on the field.
Stereotyping and stereotype threat department of psychology. The term, stereotype threat, was first used by steele and aronson 1995 who showed in several. Stereotype threat steele, aronson learning theories. Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. Cognitive psychology has identified working memory capacity as the ability to focus ones attention on a given task while keeping task irrelevant thoughts at bay. See more ideas about stereotype threat, what works clearinghouse and english language learners. Kerrison university of california, berkeley phillip atiba goff john jay college of criminal justice researchers have linked police officers concerns with appearing racista kind of stereotype threat to. Stereotype threat refers to the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individuals racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group. Stereotypes based on gender, ethnicity, or occupation are common in many societies.
Well consider the role of stereotype threat in more detail later in this chapter. Most fouryear colleges and universities in the united states grant credit, advanced placement, or both on the basis of successful ap exam scoresmore than 3,300 institutions worldwide annually receive ap scores. Although it can affect anyone, certain individuals are more susceptible to the effects of stereotype threat than others. While devoting careful attention to harmful aspects of stereotypes. This interest is magnified because of the potential of stereotype threat in accounting for the. Stereotype threat occurs when people are aware of a negative stereotype about their social group and experience anxiety or concern that they might confirm the stereotype. Intelligence test a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. This is the first of three posts about stereotype threat, which is the idea that negative stereotypes about a particular group can cause members of that group to underperform. The term, stereotype threat, was first used by steele and aronson 1995 who showed. Over the past two decades, stereotype threat has become one of the most widely researched topics in social psychology 1,2. Research over the past 15 years has shown that stereotype threat contributes to low performance among african.
You can follow any comments to this entry through the rss 2. For example, we sometimes hear that men are better than women in math and science. Stereotype threat effects on black and white athletic. The challenges of stereotype threat for the testing community. Ap psychology ap exam resources teen help mindfulness silly stuff unit 12 social psychology. The term was coined by the researchers claude steele and joshua aronson, who performed experiments that showed that black college students performed worse on standardized tests than their white peers when they were reminded, before taking.
There will also be a post with a transcription of astrophysicist neil degrasse. Tocapturetheideaofastereotype,lippmann madefamousthephrasepicturesinourheadstorefer. Stereotypes are beliefs about people based on their membership in a particular group. A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Steele writes about the work he and his colleagues have done on a phenomenon called stereotype threat, the tendency to expect, perceive, and be influenced by negative stereotypes about ones social. What is stereotype threat university of arizona diversity and. Stereotype threat has been shown to undermine performance in a variety of domains.
On the other hand, as we have seen in many places in this book, perceived similarity is. Print myers psychology for ap vocabulary all 14 units quizlet. Stereotype threat psychology definition iresearchnet. Belonging to a stereotyped social group can affect performance in stereotyperelevant situations, often shifting performance in the direction of the stereotype. Buy the psychology of stereotyping distinguished contributions in psychology 1 by schneider, david j. Ap exams are developed and scored by college faculty and experienced ap teachers. Origin and history introduced to the social sciences by lippmann in his book public opinion 1922, the concept of stereotype referstobeliefs,knowledge,andexpectationsofsocial groups. Stereotype threat has understandably engendered considerable interestand concern among scientists and the public because of its implications for performance on operational tests. Grace is the only black doctor at the clinic where she works. Fundamental attribution error, actorobserver effect, and. The force of fear american psychological association.
It is the resulting sense that one might be judged in terms of negative stereotypes about ones group instead of on personal merit. The stereotype threat is the anxiety that students feel when they are faced with expectations consistent with stereotypes about their group schneider, 2012. Stereotype threat is when worry about conforming to a negative stereotype leads to underperformance on a test or other task by a member of the stereotyped group i. Then one knows that one is subject to be judged or treated in. Steele and joshua aronson conducted the first experiments showing that stereotype. Disliking others the nature and power of prejudice defining prejudice prejudice. What is stereotype threat diversity data provided by stricker. A close look at this important literature reveals that stereotype. Individuals show greater degrees of this bias when performing tasks that they wish to perform well on. Stereotype threat definition the glossary of education. Stereotype threat is defined as a situational predicament in which individuals are at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their group. Stereotype threat occurs when people fear that poor performance on their part will confirm a negative, selfrelevant stereotype. Stereotype threat is the subjective experience of anxiety when a person is put in a situation where he or she has the potential to confirm a negative stereotype about the social group to which they belong. Psychology 110b final professor paul bloom april 30, 2007 1.
Please clearly print your name on top of every page. Stanford binet the widely used american revision of binets original intelligence test. Keywords stereotype threat, race, gender, workplace discrimination. Performance anxiety apthreat is a general psychological phenomenon that could have a pears to be part of the experience of stereotype threat, and whereasnegative impact on the performance and selfevaluation of any we did not find direct evidence of mediation, it may indirectlygroup member, including traditionally nonstigmatized individuals. Women perform worse on math tests when they think the test will produce gender differences. Stereotype threat confirmation bias from cognition unit attraction. Taken as a whole, these studies suggest that the attributional content of. Mental age a measure of intelligence test performance devised by binet. Research on cognitive, personality, and social psychology. Future posts will cover ways to try to reduce the effects of stereotype threat, and how stereotype threat might influence ally work. Historically, the study of stereotypes and prejudice was done at the explicit level, using selfreporting or surveytype measures. The first comprehensive treatment of stereotypes and stereotyping, this text synthesizes a vast body of social and cognitive research that has emerged over the pastquarter century. How coping with threats to social identity affects aggression, eating, decision making, and attention michael inzlicht and sonia k.
Ap psychology course and exam description, effective fall 2019. This sense of threat usually happens when one is doing something to which such a stereotype applies. Academic self concept, applied social psychology, stereotype threat this entry was posted on sunday, november 1st, 2015 at 10. The principles of social psychology, including the abcsaffect, behavior, and.
Cognitive schemas can result in stereotypes and contribute to prejudice. Myers, social psyc, chp 9 outlinenotes social psychology. How stereotypes affect us and what we can do issues of our time paperback april 4, 2011. All questions are worth one point unless marked otherwise.
What exactly is stereotype threat a threat to, or a fear of. Barrons ap psychology, 5th edition long branch public schools. Police stereotype threat, selflegitimacy, and support for excessive force rick trinkner arizona state university erin m. This socialpsychological phenomenon has been shown to significantly decrease the performance of persons who belong to negatively stereotyped groups.
Department of psychology, university of nebraskalincoln. Kang university of toronto scarborough stereotype threat spillover is a situational predicament in which coping with the stress of stereotype. In response to this threat, people tend to underperform compared to their potential, thereby conforming to the stereotype. Stereotype threat is highly pervasive and is not restricted to people with certain characteristics or backgrounds.
951 35 751 1337 1229 424 451 492 124 1428 492 108 113 15 180 1459 1118 1473 39 1135 591 123 80 651 689 963 550 1252 21 1302 1244 703 1076 396 411 1459 1558 820 324 1402 1111 1230 42 1262 1089 85